Who is credited with the creation of Interactionism and labeling theory?

The correct answer is George Herbert Mead, who is recognized as a foundational figure in the development of Interactionism and labeling theory. Mead's work primarily focused on the concept of the self as a social construct developed through interactions with others. His ideas laid the groundwork for understanding how individuals interpret and give meaning to their experiences, which is central to Interactionist perspectives.

Although Howard Becker is also a key contributor to labeling theory, particularly with his seminal work in the 1960s that popularized the theory within the context of deviance, it is Mead's earlier contributions that established the fundamental principles of Interactionism. Becker built upon Mead's theoretical legacy, adapting and expanding it specifically in the realm of labeling and its implications for deviance and social identity.

Erving Goffman, while influential in the study of stigma and identity, focuses more on presentation of self and social interactions, rather than the core principles of Interactionism. Similarly, Carl Hovland is known for his research in social psychology and communication, which does not directly pertain to the developments of Interactionism or labeling theory. Therefore, Mead is the correct attribution for the founding ideas that both Interactionism and labeling theory are built upon.