Who developed the somatotype classification system that linked body types to criminality?

The somatotype classification system was developed by William Sheldon in the early 20th century. Sheldon proposed that there is a correlation between an individual’s physical body type and their personality traits, including predispositions to certain behaviors, such as criminality. He categorized human bodies into three primary somatotypes: endomorphs (soft and round), mesomorphs (muscular and athletic), and ectomorphs (thin and fragile). Sheldon’s theory suggested that mesomorphs, in particular, were more likely to engage in criminal behavior due to their physical characteristics, which he believed influenced temperament and aggression.

This classification system gained attention for its ambitious attempt to connect biological traits with social behaviors, including criminality. However, it has faced criticism and is considered controversial in contemporary research, particularly for oversimplifying the complex relationship between physiology and behavior. Nonetheless, Sheldon’s contributions are foundational in the study of the biological aspects of criminology, making him the correct answer for this question.