What theory focuses on hereditary issues as a cause of crime?

Biological theories emphasize the role of genetic and physiological factors in the predisposition to criminal behavior. This perspective suggests that certain hereditary traits may influence an individual's likelihood of engaging in criminal activity. Factors such as genetics, brain structure, and neurotransmitter levels are studied within this framework to understand how biological predispositions can affect behavior. The focus on hereditary issues stems from the belief that innate characteristics can contribute to one's propensity for crime, thus distinguishing this theory from others that concentrate on environmental, social, or psychological factors.

In contrast, routine activities theory examines how crime can occur when three elements converge: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardianship. Social construct theory focuses more on the societal context and the processes that define what is considered criminal behavior. Lastly, labeling theory discusses how society's labels can influence an individual's self-identity and behavior, rather than attributing criminality to hereditary factors. Biological theories stand apart by directly linking genetic and biological characteristics to criminality.