What part of the crime theories argues that understanding human behavior cannot solely be based on observable phenomena?

The part of crime theories that emphasizes the need to understand human behavior beyond mere observable phenomena relates to philosophical assumptions. This perspective acknowledges that behavior is influenced by various underlying factors, including social, psychological, cultural, and environmental influences, which may not always be visible or easily measured. Philosophical assumptions consider the fundamental beliefs and values that shape our understanding of human nature and actions, encouraging a deeper exploration of motivations and intentions behind criminal behavior.

In contrast to the philosophical assumptions, other concepts like positivism focus on scientific methods and observable data in understanding behavior, often emphasizing empirical evidence. The notion of free will suggests individuals make choices consciously, while rational choice theory posits that criminals make decisions based on a cost-benefit analysis. While these theories account for aspects of behavior, they may not fully embrace the complexity of human actions as influenced by deeper philosophical considerations.