What does Interactionism and labeling theory emphasize?

Interactionism and labeling theory primarily emphasize the importance of social interactions and the meanings that individuals derive from those interactions in the context of deviance and criminal behavior. Labeling theory specifically focuses on how societal reactions and labels applied to individuals can influence their self-identity and perpetuate criminal behavior.

In essence, when individuals are labeled as criminals, they may internalize that label, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy where they continue to engage in criminal activities because they see themselves as 'criminals.' This perspective highlights the significance of societal reactions in the criminalization process rather than innate or hereditary factors related to criminal behavior. By focusing on how labels and social reactions affect individuals, interactionism and labeling theory provide insight into how crime can be constructed and perpetuated within society.