Edwin Sutherland is known for which theory that relates cultural transmission to crime?

Edwin Sutherland is famously associated with Differential Association Theory, which posits that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others. According to this theory, individuals learn values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior from those they associate with, particularly within their close social circles. This learning process emphasizes the significance of societal influences and personal relationships in shaping one's propensity to engage in criminal activities.

Sutherland's theory highlights how exposure to criminal norms and values, especially during formative years, can increase the likelihood of adopting similar behaviors. It introduces the idea that crime is not merely the result of individual pathology or biological factors, but rather a consequence of cultural transmission where individuals absorb behavioral cues from their environment. This makes Differential Association Theory particularly important in understanding crime through a sociological lens, focusing on societal roles and interactions rather than just individual choices.

The other theories mentioned—such as Strain Theory, which focuses on societal pressure leading individuals to commit crimes; Normalcy Theory, which is less defined in criminology; and Labeling Theory, which looks at how labels affect identity and behavior—do not encapsulate the aspect of learning criminal behavior from one's culture and relationships to the same extent.